The resettlement of Armenians from the Gajar Iran to the lands of Azerbaijan

   The Karabakh conflict was over with the glorious victory of Azerbaijan Army over Armenia forces on November 10, 2020. The conflict began in 1988 by Armenians to invade Azerbaijan’s districts which are historically belong to Azerbaijani people and are internationally recognized as a part of Azerbaijan and finished in 1993 with a ceasefire. But in 30 years Armenia didn’t stop terrorism and violence against Azerbaijan’s soldiers, civilians, historical, religious and cultural monuments. The conflict between Azerbaijani and Armenians didn’t began in 1988 It is a long-lasting process for over 200 years. During these years they have committed unprecedented mass genocides against our people (1918-1920, February 26, 1992), deportations against the population of North Azerbaijan, total destruction of our culture, historical monuments and toponyms, expatriation of our unarmed people from the primordial lands by force of arms and the perpetration of atrocities and other similar processes unprecedented in history.  Armenians claim that they are the native people of the South Caucasus and want to create ‘their fictitious state –Big Armenia’ in Azerbaijan territory   However,  the historical facts show that Armenians are not the aboriginal population of the South Caucasus, including Karabakh; they were resettled to these lands by tsarist Russia.

      The resettlement of Armenians to Azerbaijani territories was a part of the Russian Empire’s long-standing plans, aimed at establishing an Armenian state in Azerbaijani lands going back the early XVIII century. In order to create a Christian buffer on the borders with Iran and Turkey, Russia first of all began to resettle Armenians on the territory of the Iravan, Nakhchivan and Garabagh khanates, as well as other fertile lands of Azerbaijan. The Russian Empire, which at the beginning of the 19th century used Armenians as a tool for the occupation of the South Caucasus, made the mass resettlement of Armenians in the already conquered region of the South Caucasus its state policy. Moreover, the implementers of the occupation of the Russian Empire, in order to weaken the anti-Russian protests in this or that occupied region, made the resettlement of the Armenian population one of their main tasks.

  The mass resettlement of Armenians living in the territory of Iran to the Azerbaijani lands, in accordance with Article XV of the Turkmenchay Treaty, concluded at Russian side’s insistence between the Gajar Iran and the Russian Empire on February 10, 1828 in the village of Turkmenchay in South Azerbaijan, was officially legalized   Under Article XV of the Turkmenchay Treaty, the Shah’s government should not hinder the resettlement to the territories controlled by Russia of those who, betrayed their state during the war and served the Russians (the Armenians - Y.M., G.N.). Armenians living in Iran were given the right to free transition under the protection of Russia  (According to the Cambridge History of Iran)

 “The Armenians resettled to the territory of the Iravan Khanate, to Ganjabassar, Garabagh and other Azerbaijani lands, as well as to Georgia, were compactly settled in the lands of the local Muslim population – in foothill areas and cities, distinguished by the beauty and splendor of nature, wonderful climate, and pure water. Armenians also had occupied 270 houses in the Sardarabad fortress” (См:ОРВЗ (Составил Лекгобытов). ч.IV. СПб., 1836, c.291) . This is another historical fact of the resettlement of Armenians.

     May 29, 1918! - The date when the Armenian state was first created in the history of the South Caucasus, on the territory of North Azerbaijan.. Contrary to Armenian historians, it is a historical fact there hadn’t been any state of Armenia people in the South Caucasus by that time. Even the Treaty of Kurekchay , which was concluded in 1805 between Russia and the Garabagh Khanate, one of the states of Azerbaijan, proves it . “A treaty between the Garabagh khan and the Russian Empire on the transfer of the khanate to the rule of Russia on May 14, 1805” (Акты Кавказской Археографической комиссии. Под ред. Ад.Берcе. т. II. Тифлис, 1868, док. 1436, с. 702-705.)

    However, Armenian historians, ignoring the true history, trying to distort the very content of the Kurekchay Treaty, claim that the territory of the Garabagh Khanate, allegedly, belonged to the Armenians, and the treaty itself was concluded between the Armenians and Russia, although the resettlement of Armenians from Iran and Turkey to Azerbaijan to the territory of the Garabagh Khanate began in 1828, many years after the signing of the Kurekchay Treaty in 1805. Furthermore, the newcomer Armenians in 1978, celebrating the 150th anniversary of their resettlement to the territory of Daghlig Garabagh (Nagorno Karabakh), erected a monument on this occasion in the village of Margushevan, Aghdere district.  

 

Source

 “Ermənilərin Şimali Azərbaycan torpaqlarına köçürülməsinin regional təhlükəsizlik üçün nəticələri” ("Results of the relocation of Armenians to the lands of North Azerbaijan for regional security")

Yaqub Mahmudov, Guntakin Najafli , 2020, Baku

 

 

 

 

 

      

 

   

 

 

Aghdam Cuma Mosque

The Agdam Mosque (Azerbaijani: Ağdam məscidi) or Juma Mosque (Azerbaijani:Cümə məscidi)is a mosque in the ghost town of Agdam, Azerbaijan. It is the only building left standing in Aghdam as all of the town that was destroyed following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War by Armenian forces. The mosque was built by the architect Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi from 1868 to 1870. The mosque was built in the typical style for mosques in the Karabakh region, which included the division of stone columns on the two-story gallery and the use of domed ceilings. Other mosques in this style include Barda Mosque, the Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque in Shusha, a mosque in Fuzuli and one in the village of Goradiz. The Agdam mosque is the only building left standing in Aghdam. The mosque has been vandalized, used as a cowshed and the roof and attic of the mosque have been pulled down, while windows, doors, interior finish and the marble floor have been destroyed. In June 2010 Andrei Galafyev, a photographer who visited the mosque in 2007, reported that "The floor in the mosque is entirely dirtied with manure of cattle, which wanders on the ruins of Agdam in daytime.” His photographs showed cattle within the mosque. This report generated criticism from an Azerbaijani news site, who complained, claiming that the mosque is being used as a cowshed and pigpen. In November 2010 the government of Nagorno-Karabakh announced that the mosque and its surroundings had been cleaned. They also announced that the mosque of Agdam, as well as the mosques of Shusha, had been refurbished.

After the ceding of Agdam back to Azerbaijan The first Friday prayer after 28 years was held in the mosque by the last imam of the mosque and Azerbaijani soldiers.Associated Press reported that the Agdam Mosque was the only structurally whole building in the city, which Armenians vandalized it with graffiti, and used it as a stable for cattle and swine for years.

 

WOMEN WHO HAVE CHANGED THE WORLD 

 

Women from all over the world have been fighting for equal rights for themselves since the beginning of time. Yes, we're still often faced with disgusting discrimination on the basis of sex. But real progress has been made. Women have made extraordinary contributions to their societies. These women who broke all gender stereotypes are taking to move beyond the domination ideology of patriarchy.

Here is the list of Women in History who brought the revolution in the women rights:

Joan of Arc (c.1412-1431)

Joan of Arc, nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans," was born in 1412, in Domremy, France. The daughter of poor tenant farmers Jacques d’ Arc and his wife, Isabelle, also known as Romée, Joan learned piety and domestic skills from her mother. Never venturing far from home, Joan took care of the animals and became quite skilled as a seamstress.

From 1420, Joan started to experience mystical visions encouraging her to lead a pious life. The visions became increasingly vivid; she claimed to hear the voices of Saint Michael and Saint Catherine designating her as the savior of France and encouraging her to meet the dauphin – the future Charles VII. 

In April 1429, Charles allowed the 17 years old Joan to accompany the French army to Orléans, which was under siege from the English. Martyr, saint and military leader Joan of Arc, acting under divine guidance, led the French army to victory over the English during the Hundred Years' War.

On May 29, 1431, the tribunal announced Joan of Arc was guilty of heresy. Following a trial in Rouen, Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake on 30 May 1431. Charles VII later ordered an investigation into her death, and in 1456, she was declared innocent of all charges and designated a martyr.

 Princess Pingyang (590s-623)

Were it not for Princess Pingyang, there would have been no Tang Dynasty, remembered as the golden age of imperial China. Pingyang was one of 18 daughters of Li Yuan, a nobleman in the short-lived Sui Dynasty. Together with her father, Pingyang fought to overthrow the ineffectual Sui.

 She herself fought in many of the battles and was hugely instrumental in their ultimate victory. Li Yuan declared the Tang Dynasty with himself as its first emperor and made Pingyang his princess, the only one of his daughters to receive that title. Though a woman, she was honored with a grand military funeral upon her death, much to the disgust of the Ministry of Rites, who said that women’s funerals were not supposed to have bands. She was no ordinary woman, her father argued.

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928)  

Emmeline Pankhurst was a founding member of a group of women called the Suffragettes, who fought incredibly hard to get women the right to vote in the UK.They often used violent and extreme tactics to do this, and Emmeline was no stranger to a prison cell because of this.

When World War One broke out, however, she recognised that she should help with the war effort, and she encouraged other Suffragettes to do the same.

While the men were away fighting in the war, many women like Emmeline took on jobs that men would traditionally do. They earned lots of respect doing this and it showed just how much women contributed to society - and, therefore, deserved the vote.

In 1918, a law was passed which allowed certain women the right to vote. This was a big step in equality between men and women - and many would argue that, for a large part of this, we have Emmeline to thank.

 Ching Shih (1775–1844)

Not only was Ching Shih a pirate, she is considered to be the most successful pirate in history. At the peak of her reign, she commanded a fleet of over 300 ships, manned by 20,000-40,000 pirates. Her rise began with her marriage to notorious pirate Cheng I. Six years after their marriage, Cheng I died, and Ching Shih really began to command power. Through a series of political maneuvers, she entered into conflict with the British and Portuguese empires as well as the reigning Qing Dynasty, out of all of which she exited triumphant. She has been portrayed several times in pop culture, including in the blockbuster film Pirates of the Caribbean: At World’s End.

 Marie Curie (1867–1934)

Marie Skłodowska Curie changed the world not once but twice. She founded the new science of radioactivity – even the word was invented by her – and her discoveries launched effective cures for cancer.

“Curie boasts an extraordinary array of achievements,” says Patricia Fara, president of the British Society for the History of Science, who nominated the Polish-born French scientist. “She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, first female professor at the University of Paris, and the first person – note the use of person there, not woman – to win a second Nobel Prize.”

Despite becoming ill from the radioactive materials she constantly handled, Curie never lost her determination to excel in the scientific career that she loved. Her memory is preserved by the cancer society that bears her name and continues to help terminally ill patients all over the world.

 Coco Chanel (1883-1971)

From science to one of the most iconic brands in the fashion world - Coco Chanel was a woman who changed the face of fashion forever. She was born in France and taught herself to sew at a young age - something that would certainly come in handy later on!

She opened her first shop in the early 1900s, starting off by designing hats. She soon turned her attention to clothes too and, by the 1920s, launched her first perfume.

Ever heard of the saying the 'little black dress', also known as the LBD? Yep, you have Coco Chanel to thank for that.

She led the way in luxury fashion and today her brand - led by its creative director Karl Lagerfeld - sells clothes, perfume, handbags and watches. Almost 100 years after it was first created, Chanel No 5 is still probably the world's most famous perfume!  

All from one hat shop, Chanel is now worth billions of pounds, so it's safe to say she had one heck of an impact!

Amelia Bloomer (1818-1894)

If you’re female and wearing pants right now, you can thank Amelia Bloomer. The eponymous Bloomer was not the first to wear the balloon-like trousers that cinched at the ankles, but she advocated wearing them, wrote about wearing them, and wore them herself. The press assigned these ridiculous firsts of the female pant world the name Bloomers. 

Bloomerism - fashion not only changes lives, it changes history. Library of Congress.

Bloomers became popular because Bloomer and her friends (whom she had met at the Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848) started wearing them. Bloomers were more practical than the fashion of the time: heavy skirts, petticoats and whalebone corsets. Also, it’s much easier to ride a bicycle and keep your modesty with pants underneath your multiple skirts. 

Bloomer became known as an advocate for rational dress reform and is proof that fashion not only changes lives, it also changes history.

Toshiko Kishida (1863–1901)

 

One of the first Japanese feminists, Kishida was a public speaker who traveled the country during the Meiji period, speaking out on behalf of women’s rights (and who was arrested several times for it). One her most-quoted lines was, “If it is true that men are better than women because they are stronger, why aren’t our sumo wrestlers in the government?”

Mother Teresa (1910 – 1997)

In September 2016, it was announced that Mother Teresa was being named as a Saint - so she is certainly deserving of a place on this list. At the age of 12, Teresa - who was a Roman Catholic - decided that she wanted to go to India to spread the Christian message and help people.So this she did.

In 1929, she travelled to India and she ended up dedicating her life to helping poor people, particularly in the Indian city of Kolkata. She described her work as God's work. While she was there, she started something called the Missionaries of Charity. This group now has thousands of people in almost 90 countries helping people living in poverty all over the world.

In 1979 she received the Nobel Peace Prize for her work. She asked that the big dinner to mark this was cancelled and all of the money given to the poor people of Kolkata.It is said that she only had two possessions of her own - a bucket and two saris. To this day, she is remembered by how much she loved and cared for people, and praised as a Saint.

 Hillary Clinton: (1947 - present day)

One woman whose name you will probably have heard many times over the last couple of years is Hillary Clinton.

That's because she made history back in July 2016 when she became the first woman from one of America's two main political parties to be chosen to run for the job of president. She was representing the Democrats - the same party as the president at the time, Barack Obama.

While she did not win the presidential race - the Republican candidate Donald Trump got the top job - she inspired millions of girls and women all over the world.

At the end of 2017, she sat down with a group of young girls for Teen Vogue. She told the group that she did not plan to go for the job again, but that she would be supporting other people who wanted to do it - especially young women.

So it sounds like she has ambitions to leave her mark on the future too.

 Oprah Winfrey (1954 - present day)

One woman who is rarely away from the headlines is media legend Oprah Winfrey.

She started off her TV career when she was just a teenager, becoming the youngest person - and first African-America woman - to read the main news on a channel in the city of Nashville in America at the age of 19.

Now, she is the one of the world's most famous and most-loved interviewers.

She first became famous in 1986 with the Oprah Winfrey Show. It ran for 25 years before she turned her success into her own TV channel - the Oprah Winfrey Network.

She has also done a huge amount of charity work, including setting up two of her own foundations and donating millions of her own money.

Some people think that after giving a powerful speech at an awards ceremony in America recently that she should run to be the next US president. Whether or not she will do that, only Oprah knows.

 

The famous monuments of Karabakh

 

Karabakh region of Azerbaijan is the area where people lived in 2 million year old Azikh Cave,one of the most ancient human residences.The area of Karabakh is a residence of successors of substituting Kur-Araz and Khojaly-Gadabay cultures  which existed in the Bronze and Iron Ages of Paleolithtic period of Guruchay culture founders.

The ancient stone monuments discovered in mountainous and plain areas of Karabakh- dolmens in Khojaly, kromlekhs in Khankandi, as well as, stone box graves of ancient times discovered  in different places of Karabakh are material culture signs reflecting ideology, moral thinking of that period.In the whole territory of Azerbaijan among Manna,Atropatena,Skit states in the junction of  IV-III centuries BC Caucasian Albania appeared in the territory of the Azerbaijan Republic.

The ancient sources  bear interesting  information about the existence of old towns in ancient territory of Karabakh- Uti,Arsak,and Paytakaran. Archeological researches made in Barda, Govurgala (Aghdam), Garakopek Hill (Fuzuli), Ergi settlement (Aghjabadi),etc  approve the above- mentioned statements.  Besides archeological monuments, a number of Christian monuments were investigated in Karabakh region. These monuments were met in Barda, Aghjabadi, Aghdam, Fuzuli, Aghdere areas of Karabakh as well as in Lachin and Kalbajar. The most popular of these monuments Ganjasar (Ganzasar), Amaras, Elysian and Khotavang temples. It should be noted that Albanian Christian monuments also exist in other areas of Azerbaijan (Gabala, Nakhchivan, Mingachevir, Gazakh, Tovuz, Shamakhi).

The existence of different religions had a great impact on the social life of  human society. The  existence of  Islam and Christianity  and their substitute of each-other in Karabakh as well as in every part of Azerbaijan  showed itself in the  building culture . A good deal of Albanian Christian monuments were built in the area of Karabakh ( Amaras in Nagorno-Karabakh, Govurgala in Aghdam, Khotavang in Kalbajar, Aghoghlan in Lachin) and other places of Albania (Gum village of Gakh region, Big Amidli village of Gabala region, Mingachevir).

There existed all kinds of architecture particular to East Christianity in Albania.  Albanian cross stones form their specific group obeyed to laws of religious art with their local features and reflection of  faiths and forces of universe till Christianity on Albanian written stones. Albanian cross bears signs which sum up indications of beliefs and universe  cognition till Christianity. Its all compositions are reflected like links across the sky to the ground, symbol of sun, light, and fertility.

The adoption of  Islam  was the beginning of a new stage in Albania (Azerbaijan). During Islam many mosques and minarets were built in Garabagh, part of Azerbaijan. Along with it, Christian churches and other religious temples were protected there.